Unit 88: Suffixes Review
Can-do statement: I can identify and use common suffixes like -ness, -tion, -able, and -less to change the meaning and part of speech of base words.
1. Core Vocabulary List
Study the following 10 target words carefully. Pay special attention to how the suffixes alter the root words’ parts of speech and basic meanings.
| Word & POS | Definition | Vietnamese Meaning | Example Sentence |
|---|---|---|---|
| darkness (noun) |
the state of being dark | Bóng tối | The light from the candle chased away the darkness. |
| fascination (noun) |
the state of being very interested in something | Sự mê hoặc | He has a fascination with space and stars. |
| restless (adjective) |
unable to stay still or relax | Bồn chồn | The children grew restless during the long car ride. |
| comfortable (adjective) |
providing a feeling of physical relaxation | Thoải mái | This old sofa is very comfortable for reading. |
| agreeable (adjective) |
pleasant or easy to say yes to | Dễ chịu | We had an agreeable conversation about our holiday. |
| weariness (noun) |
a feeling of being very tired | Sự mệt mỏi | Her weariness was clear after the long mountain hike. |
| creation (noun) |
the process of making something new | Sự sáng tạo | The artist is proud of his latest clay creation. |
| careless (adjective) |
not taking enough care or attention | Cẩu thả | He made a careless mistake on the easy math test. |
| kindness (noun) |
the quality of being friendly and generous | Sự tử tế | We should always show kindness to everyone we meet. |
| hopeless (adjective) |
feeling or causing despair | Vô vọng | The lost cat felt hopeless in the rain. |
2. Grammar Focus & Rules
Noun Suffixes (-ness and -tion)
Adding -ness to an adjective or -tion to a verb changes the word into a noun representing a state, quality, or action.
| Structure | Adjective + -ness / Verb + -tion |
|---|---|
| Key Concepts |
|
| Examples |
• The sadness in the movie made her cry. • Please pay attention to the teacher. • The election for class president is next week. |
Adjective Suffixes (-able and -less)
Adding -able to a verb means “can be done.” Adding -less to a noun means “without.” Both suffixes convert base words into adjectives.
| Structure | Verb + -able / Noun + -less |
|---|---|
| Key Concepts |
|
| Examples |
• This warm jacket is washable in the machine. • The fearless dog chased the intruder away. • It is a senseless idea to go out in the storm. |
3. Practice Exercises
Exercise 1: Vocabulary Matching (Nối Từ)
7 Questions
Match the target words (1-7) with their correct English definitions (A-G).
- darkness
- restless
- agreeable
- weariness
- creation
- careless
- hopeless
- Unable to stay still or relax
- The state of being dark
- Feeling or causing despair
- Pleasant or easy to say yes to
- The process of making something new
- A feeling of being very tired
- Not taking enough care or attention
? Click to see Answer Key & Explanation (Đáp án & Giải thích)
1 – B: darkness – the state of being dark (bóng tối – trạng thái tối tăm).
2 – A: restless – unable to stay still or relax (bồn chồn – không thể đứng yên hoặc thư giãn).
3 – D: agreeable – pleasant or easy to say yes to (dễ chịu, dễ đồng ý).
4 – F: weariness – a feeling of being very tired (sự mệt mỏi – cảm giác rất mệt).
5 – E: creation – the process of making something new (sự sáng tạo – quá trình tạo ra thứ mới).
6 – G: careless – not taking enough care or attention (cẩu thả – không cẩn thận).
7 – C: hopeless – feeling or causing despair (vô vọng – cảm giác tuyệt vọng).
Exercise 2: Gap Fill (Điền vào chỗ trống)
7 Questions
Fill in the blanks with the correct words from the word bank: [darkness, fascination, comfortable, weariness, creation, careless, kindness].
- She always treats stray animals with absolute __________.
- The children stumbled around the bedroom when the lights went out, leaving them in complete __________.
- It was a very __________ mistake to leave your passport on the table.
- After running the full marathon, deep __________ took over his entire body.
- The new modern museum is an architect’s beautiful __________.
- This big armchair is so __________ that I could easily sleep in it.
- Her __________ with old historical books started when she was a little girl.
? Click to see Answer Key & Explanation (Đáp án & Giải thích)
1. kindness: Noun indicating the quality of being friendly/generous. (Sự tử tế – Cô ấy luôn đối xử tử tế với động vật đi lạc).
2. darkness: “Lights went out” leaves them in darkness. (Bóng tối – Đèn tắt để lại họ trong bóng tối hoàn toàn).
3. careless: Modifies “mistake”, meaning done without enough attention. (Cẩu thả – Thật là một sai lầm cẩu thả khi để quên hộ chiếu).
4. weariness: Running a marathon causes deep tiredness. (Sự mệt mỏi – Sau khi chạy marathon, sự mệt mỏi sâu sắc bao trùm cơ thể).
5. creation: The museum is a product of making something new. (Sự sáng tạo/Tác phẩm – Bảo tàng mới là một tác phẩm đẹp của kiến trúc sư).
6. comfortable: Armchair is great for sleeping because it gives physical relaxation. (Thoải mái – Chiếc ghế bành này rất thoải mái).
7. fascination: A strong state of interest. (Sự mê hoặc/đam mê – Sự đam mê sách cổ của cô ấy bắt đầu từ khi còn nhỏ).
Exercise 3: Multiple Choice (Trắc nghiệm)
6 Questions
Choose the best word to complete each sentence.
- The long flight made the toddler very __________, and he could not sit still.
- We had a very __________ meeting and agreed on all major design changes.
- The situation looked __________ when the team was down by 5 goals with 2 minutes left.
- He smiled because of the sheer __________ shown to him by the complete strangers.
- The moon provided a faint glow, breaking the heavy __________ of the forest.
- That wooden desk is not very __________, as it shakes whenever I write.
? Click to see Answer Key & Explanation (Đáp án & Giải thích)
1. B – restless: “could not sit still” means restless (bồn chồn, không yên).
2. C – agreeable: An “agreeable meeting” means a pleasant one where people easily say yes. (Dễ chịu / thuận lợi).
3. A – hopeless: Being down 5 goals with 2 minutes left is a situation without hope. (Vô vọng).
4. D – kindness: The noun needed after “sheer” to represent a friendly/generous quality. (Sự tử tế).
5. B – darkness: The moon breaks the darkness (bóng tối) of the forest.
6. A – comfortable: A shaking desk is not physically pleasant or practical to use. (Thoải mái).
Exercise 4: True or False (Đúng hay Sai)
6 Questions
Read the statements and decide if the underlined words are used correctly (True) or incorrectly (False).
- The weariness worker decided to work another double shift without sleeping. (True / False)
- She loves her new bedroom because the bed is extremely comfortable. (True / False)
- Because of a careless driving error, he hit the trash can on the curb. (True / False)
- His fascination with ancient dinosaurs makes him read science encyclopedias every single day. (True / False)
- We felt completely restless and content while sitting by the quiet, peaceful beach. (True / False)
- The scientist won an award for the creation of a brand new water purification system. (True / False)
? Click to see Answer Key & Explanation (Đáp án & Giải thích)
1. False: “Weariness” is a noun. We need the adjective “weary” to modify the noun “worker”. (Sai ngữ pháp).
2. True: “Comfortable” correctly describes a bed that gives relaxation. (Đúng ngữ nghĩa).
3. True: “Careless” correctly describes a driving mistake made without attention. (Đúng ngữ nghĩa).
4. True: “Fascination” is a noun meaning strong interest, used correctly with the preposition “with”. (Đúng ngữ nghĩa).
5. False: “Restless” means unable to relax, which contradicts being “content” by a “quiet, peaceful beach”. It should be “relaxed”. (Sai ngữ nghĩa).
6. True: “Creation” is used correctly to mean the process of making a new system. (Đúng ngữ nghĩa).
Exercise 5: Sentence Reordering (Sắp xếp câu)
6 Questions
Rearrange the words to make complete, grammatically correct sentences.
- away / candle / darkness / chased / the / the / . /
→ __________________________________________________________________ - grew / car / the / during / children / restless / ride / . /
→ __________________________________________________________________ - always / everyone / show / we / should / kindness / to / . /
→ __________________________________________________________________ - conversation / holiday / had / an / we / agreeable / about / our / . /
→ __________________________________________________________________ - math / he / careless / test / mistake / made / a / on / the / . /
→ __________________________________________________________________ - clear / her / long / weariness / hike / was / after / the / . /
→ __________________________________________________________________
? Click to see Answer Key & Explanation (Đáp án & Giải thích)
1. The candle chased away the darkness. (Ngọn nến đã xua tan bóng tối.)
2. The children grew restless during the car ride. (Lũ trẻ trở nên bồn chồn trong suốt chuyến đi xe.)
3. We should always show kindness to everyone. (Chúng ta nên luôn thể hiện sự tử tế với mọi người.)
4. We had an agreeable conversation about our holiday. (Chúng tôi đã có một cuộc trò chuyện dễ chịu về kỳ nghỉ.)
5. He made a careless mistake on the math test. (Cậu ấy đã mắc một lỗi cẩu thả trong bài kiểm tra toán.)
6. Her weariness was clear after the long hike. (Sự mệt mỏi của cô ấy hiện rõ sau chuyến đi bộ đường dài.)
Exercise 6: Grammar Selection (Biến đổi hình thái từ)
6 Questions
Choose the correct word form based on the suffix rules explained in the theory sections.
- The movie was full of extreme (sad / sadness), causing many people to leave the theater.
- This modern white dress is completely (washable / washness) in standard domestic machines.
- The class (elect / election) will take place next Friday morning at nine o’clock.
- Please pay close (attentive / attention) to what the driving instructor tells you.
- The brave, (fearless / fearable) firefighter ran directly into the burning wooden house.
- It is completely (senseless / sensation) to go out without an umbrella during a huge storm.
? Click to see Answer Key & Explanation (Đáp án & Giải thích)
1. sadness: Prepositional phrase “full of” requires a noun. Adjective (sad) + -ness = noun (sadness – nỗi buồn).
2. washable: Subject complement after “is” describing capability. Verb (wash) + -able = adjective (washable – có thể giặt).
3. election: Serves as the subject of the sentence. Verb (elect) + -tion = noun (election – cuộc bầu cử).
4. attention: Collocation “pay attention to”. Verb (attend) modified to noun via -tion (attention – sự chú ý).
5. fearless: Modifies the noun “firefighter” meaning “without fear” (dũng cảm, không sợ hãi). Noun (fear) + -less.
6. senseless: Means “without sense/foolish” (vô lý, điên rồ). Noun (sense) + -less forms the correct descriptive adjective.
