Lesson List Từ điển

Unit 1: Complete and Incomplete Sentences

Unit 2: Types of Sentences

Unit 3: Simple and Complete Subjects and Predicates

Unit 4: Common Nouns

Unit 5: Common and Proper Nouns

Unit 6: Plural Nouns

Unit 7: More Plural Nouns

Unit 8: Singular Possessive Nouns

Unit 9: Plural Possessive Nouns

Unit 10: Subject and Object Pronouns

Unit 11: Complete Sentences and End Punctuation Review

Unit 12: Common and Proper Nouns Review

Unit 13: Singular and Plural Nouns Review

Unit 14: Possessive Nouns Review

Unit 15: Subject and Object Pronouns Review

Unit 16: Action Verbs

Unit 17: Linking Verbs

Unit 18: Helping Verbs

Unit 19: Past, Present, and Future Tense Verbs

Unit 20: Perfect Tense Verbs

Unit 21: Irregular Verbs

Unit 22: Progressive Verbs

Unit 23: Transitive Verbs

Unit 24: Intransitive Verbs

Unit 25: Subject and Verb Agreement

Unit 26: Action Verbs Review

Unit 27: Linking and Helping Verbs Review

Unit 28: Verb Tenses Review

Unit 29: Verb Forms Review

Unit 30: Subject and Verb Agreement Review

Unit 31: Adjectives

Unit 32: Comparative and Superlative Adjectives

Unit 33: Irregular Comparative and Superlative Adjectives

Unit 34: Adverbs

Unit 35: More Adverbs

Unit 36: Adverbs without -ly

Unit 37: Synonyms

Unit 38: Antonyms

Unit 39: Homophones

Unit 40: Adjectives Review

Unit 41: Comparative and Superlative Adjectives Review

Unit 42: Adverbs Review

Unit 43: Synonyms and Antonyms Review

Unit 44: Homophones Review

Unit 45: Conjunctions

Unit 46: Compound Subjects

Unit 47: Compound Predicates

Unit 48: Prepositions and Prepositional Phrases

Unit 49: Dependent Clauses

Unit 50: Independent Clauses

Unit 51: Commas

Bài học: Commas

Luyện tập: Commas

Unit 52: Compound Sentences

Unit 53: Complex Sentences

Unit 54: Compound-Complex Sentences

Unit 55: Conjunctions Review

Unit 56: Compound Subjects and Compound Predicates Review

Unit 57: Prepositions and Prepositional Phrases Review

Unit 58: Dependent and Independent Clauses Review

Unit 59: Compound, Complex, and Compound-Complex Sentences Review

Unit 60: Appositives

Unit 61: More Uses for Commas

Unit 62: Quotation Marks

Unit 63: Contractions

Unit 64: Abbreviations

Unit 65: Semicolons

Unit 66: Colons

Unit 67: Word Usage: Sit or Set

Unit 68: Word Usage: Lie or Lay

Unit 69: Word Usage: Your or You’re

Unit 70: Appositives Review

Unit 71: Commas and Quotations Review

Unit 72: Contractions and Abbreviations Review

Unit 73: Colons and Semicolons Review

Unit 74: Word Usage Review

Unit 75: Interjections

Unit 76: Articles

Unit 77: Prefixes

Unit 78: Suffixes

Unit 79: More Prefixes

Unit 80: More Suffixes

Unit 81: Greek Root Words

Unit 82: Latin Root Words

Unit 83: Spelling Patterns and Exceptions

Unit 84: More Spelling Patterns and Exceptions

Unit 85: Negatives

Unit 86: Interjections and Articles Review

Unit 88: Suffixes Review

Unit 89: Greek and Latin Root Words Review

Unit 91: Negatives Review

Unit 92: Review of the Eight Parts of Speech

Unit 93: Applying Punctuation Knowledge

Unit 94: Applying Punctuation and Word Usage Knowledge

Unit 96: Adjectives, Adverbs, and Verb Tenses Review

Unit 97: Sentence Structure Review: Simple and Compound Sentences

Unit 98: Dependent Clauses and Sentence Structure

Luyện tập: Commas

Unit 51:Commas – Basic Rules and Usage

Understanding the Comma

Commas are punctuation marks used to indicate a pause or a break in thought within a sentence. They help clarifymeaning and prevent confusion. One of the most common uses is in a series. Use commas to separate three or more words, phrases, or clauses in a list [2, 3]. For example: The fruit salad has cantaloupe, grapes, pineapple, honeydew, and watermelon in it. Another key rule involves compound sentences. Use a comma before a coordinatingconjunction (and, but, or, nor, for, so, yet) that joins two independent clauses [5, 6]. For instance: Kim’s knees shook, but she never made a sound or moved.

We also use commas after introductory elements. This includes introductory words like Yes or Well, and prepositional phrases that start a sentence [8, 9]. For example: After we study this book, we want to take a break. Furthermore, commas set off names in direct address. If you are speaking directly to someone, use a comma to separate their name from the rest of the sentence. Example: Jade, have you heard about the game?.

More Comma Rules

Commas are essential in dates and addresses. Use a comma between the day and the year, and between the city and the state. Example: June 9, 1970 or 143 Main Street,Los Angeles, California. When using coordinate adjectives (two or more adjectives that describe the same noun equally), separate them with a comma if the word “and” could logically replace the comma. Example: The fire gave off a thick, black, foul smoke. However, do not use a comma if the adjectives must stay in a specific order to make sense.

Exercise 1: Commas in a Series

Insert commas where they are needed in the following lists. If the sentence is correct, write C.

1. I will attend Boston College the University of Massachusetts or Harvard.

2. We ate sandwiches potato chips and fruit for lunch.

3. My mother my father and my sister all went to the park.

4. I like pizza fish and chips and curry.

5. The sportsI like best are football badminton table tennis and horse-riding.

6. Bring wood nails and a hammer.

7. We saw zebras lions and giraffes at the zoo.

8. Please buy milk eggs bread and cheese.

Exercise 2: Compound Sentences

Add a comma before the conjunction in these compound sentences.

1. My family went to Florida and Sayeed’s family went to California.

2. I am on the baseball teambut Kendra is on the track team.

3. Billy rode his bike and his mother walked the dog.

4. Flag football is fun and most of my friends have a team.

5. We lived in Venezuela for three yearsand then we returned to the United States.

6. Frank can speak Chinese well but he can’t read it.

7. The days are shorter now and the weather is colder.

8. The sun was setting so we went home.

Exercise 3: Introductory Elements

Place a comma after the introductory word, phrase, or clause.

1. After we went to dinner we saw a movie.

2. Because I was running late I needed a ride to school.

3. Yes we are ready to write ourreport.

4. In 2001 terrorists flew planes into the World Trade Center.

5. Under several stacks of paper I found my application.

6. Well study more if you want to pass.

7. Walking by the classroom I noticed we had a substitute.

8. If you want to go to the concert you have to get tickets immediately.

Exercise 4: Direct Address

Add commas to set off the name of the person being spokento.

1. Jade have you heard about the game?

2. Where Mr. Beckett do you suggest I write my reply?

3. Kristy please hand me the remote.

4. Tom hand out the papers to the students please.

5. Listen to me she said.

6. David I want to finish our science project.

7. Classjust play by the rules and you’ll all do well.

8. Sit down John and open your book.

Exercise 5: Dates and Addresses

Insert commas where they belong in these dates and addresses.

1. On June 3 2006 my sister graduated from high school.

2. We live at 442 Camden Lane Chestnut Hill Connecticut 06226.

3. 143 Main Street Los Angeles California.

4. Charles Lindbergh was born on February 4 1902.

5. The letter was dated May 21 1927.

6. Send the package to 1999 HummingbirdLane.

7. I was born on December 30 2012.

8. He bought the horse on October20 2015.

Exercise 6: Coordinate Adjectives

Add a comma between the adjectives if they are coordinate. Write NC if no comma is needed.

1. Make sure you bring that big yellowumbrella.

2. You’ve had those old dirtysneakers since middle school.

3. The fire gave off a thick black foul smoke.

4. It was a big black hairy spider.

5. That baby has the most beautiful bright blue eyes.

6. I wore the heavy black sweater.

7. Susan is a fast accurate cheerful worker.

8. The cat made a slow silent movement.