Unit 1: Complete and Incomplete Sentences
Unit 2: Types of Sentences
Unit 3: Simple and Complete Subjects and Predicates
Unit 4: Common Nouns
Unit 5: Common and Proper Nouns
Unit 6: Plural Nouns
Unit 7: More Plural Nouns
Unit 8: Singular Possessive Nouns
Unit 9: Plural Possessive Nouns
Unit 10: Subject and Object Pronouns
Unit 11: Complete Sentences and End Punctuation Review
Unit 12: Common and Proper Nouns Review
Unit 13: Singular and Plural Nouns Review
Unit 14: Possessive Nouns Review
Unit 15: Subject and Object Pronouns Review
Unit 16: Action Verbs
Unit 17: Linking Verbs
Unit 18: Helping Verbs
Unit 19: Past, Present, and Future Tense Verbs
Unit 20: Perfect Tense Verbs
Unit 21: Irregular Verbs
Unit 22: Progressive Verbs
Unit 23: Transitive Verbs
Unit 24: Intransitive Verbs
Unit 25: Subject and Verb Agreement
Unit 26: Action Verbs Review
Unit 27: Linking and Helping Verbs Review
Unit 28: Verb Tenses Review
Unit 29: Verb Forms Review
Unit 30: Subject and Verb Agreement Review
Unit 31: Adjectives
Unit 32: Comparative and Superlative Adjectives
Unit 33: Irregular Comparative and Superlative Adjectives
Unit 34: Adverbs
Unit 35: More Adverbs
Unit 36: Adverbs without -ly
Unit 37: Synonyms
Unit 38: Antonyms
Unit 39: Homophones
Unit 40: Adjectives Review
Unit 41: Comparative and Superlative Adjectives Review
Unit 42: Adverbs Review
Unit 43: Synonyms and Antonyms Review
Unit 44: Homophones Review
Unit 45: Conjunctions
Unit 46: Compound Subjects
Unit 47: Compound Predicates
Unit 48: Prepositions and Prepositional Phrases
Unit 49: Dependent Clauses
Unit 50: Independent Clauses
Unit 51: Commas
Unit 52: Compound Sentences
Unit 53: Complex Sentences
Unit 54: Compound-Complex Sentences
Unit 55: Conjunctions Review
Unit 56: Compound Subjects and Compound Predicates Review
Unit 57: Prepositions and Prepositional Phrases Review
Unit 58: Dependent and Independent Clauses Review
Unit 59: Compound, Complex, and Compound-Complex Sentences Review
Unit 60: Appositives
Unit 61: More Uses for Commas
Unit 62: Quotation Marks
Unit 63: Contractions
Unit 64: Abbreviations
Unit 65: Semicolons
Unit 66: Colons
Unit 67: Word Usage: Sit or Set
Unit 68: Word Usage: Lie or Lay
Unit 69: Word Usage: Your or You’re
Unit 70: Appositives Review
Unit 71: Commas and Quotations Review
Unit 72: Contractions and Abbreviations Review
Unit 73: Colons and Semicolons Review
Unit 74: Word Usage Review
Unit 75: Interjections
Unit 76: Articles
Unit 77: Prefixes
Unit 78: Suffixes
Unit 79: More Prefixes
Unit 80: More Suffixes
Unit 81: Greek Root Words
Unit 82: Latin Root Words
Unit 83: Spelling Patterns and Exceptions
Unit 84: More Spelling Patterns and Exceptions
Unit 85: Negatives
Unit 86: Interjections and Articles Review
Unit 88: Suffixes Review
Unit 89: Greek and Latin Root Words Review
Unit 91: Negatives Review
Unit 92: Review of the Eight Parts of Speech
Unit 93: Applying Punctuation Knowledge
Unit 94: Applying Punctuation and Word Usage Knowledge
Unit 96: Adjectives, Adverbs, and Verb Tenses Review
Unit 97: Sentence Structure Review: Simple and Compound Sentences
Unit 98: Dependent Clauses and Sentence Structure
Unit 98: Dependent Clauses and Sentence Structure
Understanding Clauses and Sentences
A clause is a group of words that contains a subject and a verb.There are two main types of clauses:
- Independent Clause: Expresses a complete thought and can stand alone as a sentence(e.g., The dog is barking.).
- Dependent (Subordinate) Clause: Does not express a complete thought and cannot stand alone. It usually begins with a subordinating conjunction (e.g., because the dog is barking).
Sentences are classified by their structure:
- Simple Sentence: Contains one independent clause.
- CompoundSentence: Contains two or more independent clauses joined by a comma and a coordinating conjunction (FANBOYS: for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so) or a semicolon.
- Complex Sentence: Contains one independent clause and at least one dependent clause.
- Compound-Complex Sentence: Contains two or more independent clauses and one or more dependent clauses.
Advanced Tip: Punctuation
When a dependent clause comes before the independent clause, use a comma to separate them (e.g., When the rain stopped, we went outside.). If the dependent clause comes after, you usually do not need a comma (e.g., We went outside when the rain stopped.).
Exercise 1: Independent vs. Dependent Clauses
Identify whether the underlined group of words is an Independent Clause (I) or a Dependent Clause (D).
1. If you need my opinion, I think blue is best. _____
2. The dog pants when it is hot outside. _____
3. Until the police arrived, no one moved. _____
4. Because I was tired, I went to bed early. _____
5. She came home at last after a long trip. _____
6. When the cake was served, everyone cheered. _____
7. Maria is a letter carrier who walks miles every day. _____
8. Please pass the potatoes to your father. _____
Underline the dependent clause in each sentence below.
1. My friend, who does not have a dog, loves to play with mine.
2. I don’t know what happened yesterday.
3. Wherever Mason goes, he is loved by everyone.
4. If you agree to help, I won’t forget it.
5. The cat that has the white patches is mine.
6. Although it was raining, weplayed soccer.
7. The student whom I met in thelibrary is new.
8. Before you leave, please close the window.
Exercise 3: Simple vs. Compound Sentences
Write ‘S’ for Simple or ‘C’ for Compound next to each sentence.
1. Katy’s vacation to Hawaii was splendid. _____
2. She took tours of Oahu, Maui, and Kauai. _____
3. Visiting three islands was exhausting,but she loved every minute of it. _____
4. The favorite part of her trip was swimming with dolphins. _____
5. The gentle creatures snickered, and they seemed to inviteher to play. _____
6. The marine biologist taught visitors about dolphin behavior, so Katy listened carefully. _____
7. Dolphins are very intelligent, social creatures. _____
8. Katy did not see hair on the dolphins, so she was surprised to learn they are mammals. _____
Exercise 4: Complex Sentences Check
7. Before we knew it, she was running on her exercise wheel._____
Write ‘Yes’ if the sentence is a Complex sentence (has a dependent clause) or ‘No’ ifit is not.
1. My sister’s hamster was very sick. _____
2. When I saw how sad Andrea was, I wanted to help. _____
3. I took Minnie to the veterinarian, even though I don’t like hamsters. _____
4. After examining Minnie, Dr. Rains gave her some medicine._____
5. Dr. Rains gave me more medicine to take home for Minnie. _____
6. I gave Minnie the medicine because Andrea couldn’t administer it properly. _____
8. When Minnie began to perk up, Andrea perked up, too. _____
Exercise 5: Sentence Fragments
Turn the following fragments (dependent clauses) into complete sentences by adding an independent clause.
1. Because I didn’t write it on my calendar. ________________________________________________
2. That you wanted to read before I handed it in. ________________________________________________
3. Which was a big hit at the party. ________________________________________________
4. Since it is raining outside. ________________________________________________
5. Who was supposed to help me study. ________________________________________________
6. After the movie ended. ________________________________________________
7. If the team wins the game. ________________________________________________
8. Until the sun goes down. ________________________________________________
Exercise 6: Sentence Combining
Combine the two clauses to make a meaningful sentence. Use the conjunction provided if listed.
1. He felt sick yesterday. / He went to the doctor. (so) ________________________________________________
2. We might watch a movie. / We could play cards. (or) ________________________________________________
3. It was raining earlier today. / The soccer game began late. (so) ________________________________________________
4. She might call home. / She may write a letter. (or) ________________________________________________
5. The mechanic is fixing my car. / I’ll take the bus to work. (so) ________________________________________________
6. I am going to bed. / You should too. (and) ________________________________________________
7. Grant’s birthday is in April. / Selim’s is in May. (but) ________________________________________________
8. My favorite class is biology. / Shannon’s is geometry. (and) ________________________________________________
