Unit 1: Complete and Incomplete Sentences
Unit 2: Types of Sentences
Unit 3: Simple and Complete Subjects and Predicates
Unit 4: Common Nouns
Unit 5: Common and Proper Nouns
Unit 6: Plural Nouns
Unit 7: More Plural Nouns
Unit 8: Singular Possessive Nouns
Unit 9: Plural Possessive Nouns
Unit 10: Subject and Object Pronouns
Unit 11: Complete Sentences and End Punctuation Review
Unit 12: Common and Proper Nouns Review
Unit 13: Singular and Plural Nouns Review
Unit 14: Possessive Nouns Review
Unit 15: Subject and Object Pronouns Review
Unit 16: Action Verbs
Unit 17: Linking Verbs
Unit 18: Helping Verbs
Unit 19: Past, Present, and Future Tense Verbs
Unit 20: Perfect Tense Verbs
Unit 21: Irregular Verbs
Unit 22: Progressive Verbs
Unit 23: Transitive Verbs
Unit 24: Intransitive Verbs
Unit 25: Subject and Verb Agreement
Unit 26: Action Verbs Review
Unit 27: Linking and Helping Verbs Review
Unit 28: Verb Tenses Review
Unit 29: Verb Forms Review
Unit 30: Subject and Verb Agreement Review
Unit 31: Adjectives
Unit 32: Comparative and Superlative Adjectives
Unit 33: Irregular Comparative and Superlative Adjectives
Unit 34: Adverbs
Unit 35: More Adverbs
Unit 36: Adverbs without -ly
Unit 37: Synonyms
Unit 38: Antonyms
Unit 39: Homophones
Unit 40: Adjectives Review
Unit 41: Comparative and Superlative Adjectives Review
Unit 42: Adverbs Review
Unit 43: Synonyms and Antonyms Review
Unit 44: Homophones Review
Unit 45: Conjunctions
Unit 46: Compound Subjects
Unit 47: Compound Predicates
Unit 48: Prepositions and Prepositional Phrases
Unit 49: Dependent Clauses
Unit 50: Independent Clauses
Unit 51: Commas
Unit 52: Compound Sentences
Unit 53: Complex Sentences
Unit 54: Compound-Complex Sentences
Unit 55: Conjunctions Review
Unit 56: Compound Subjects and Compound Predicates Review
Unit 57: Prepositions and Prepositional Phrases Review
Unit 58: Dependent and Independent Clauses Review
Unit 59: Compound, Complex, and Compound-Complex Sentences Review
Unit 60: Appositives
Unit 61: More Uses for Commas
Unit 62: Quotation Marks
Unit 63: Contractions
Unit 64: Abbreviations
Unit 65: Semicolons
Unit 66: Colons
Unit 67: Word Usage: Sit or Set
Unit 68: Word Usage: Lie or Lay
Unit 69: Word Usage: Your or You’re
Unit 70: Appositives Review
Unit 71: Commas and Quotations Review
Unit 72: Contractions and Abbreviations Review
Unit 73: Colons and Semicolons Review
Unit 74: Word Usage Review
Unit 75: Interjections
Unit 76: Articles
Unit 77: Prefixes
Unit 78: Suffixes
Unit 79: More Prefixes
Unit 80: More Suffixes
Unit 81: Greek Root Words
Unit 82: Latin Root Words
Unit 83: Spelling Patterns and Exceptions
Unit 84: More Spelling Patterns and Exceptions
Unit 85: Negatives
Unit 86: Interjections and Articles Review
Unit 88: Suffixes Review
Unit 89: Greek and Latin Root Words Review
Unit 91: Negatives Review
Unit 92: Review of the Eight Parts of Speech
Unit 93: Applying Punctuation Knowledge
Unit 94: Applying Punctuation and Word Usage Knowledge
Unit 96: Adjectives, Adverbs, and Verb Tenses Review
Unit 97: Sentence Structure Review: Simple and Compound Sentences
Unit 98: Dependent Clauses and Sentence Structure
Unit 49: Dependent Clauses
What is a Dependent Clause?
A clause is a group of words that contains a subject and a verb. However, not all clauses can stand alone. An independent clause expresses a complete thought and is a sentence by itself. A dependent clause (or subordinate clause) does not express a complete thought and cannot stand alone. It depends on an independent clause to makesense.
Dependent clauses often start with subordinating conjunctions such as after, although, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, and while.
Example:
Independent: Cameron took a shower.
Dependent: After he ran.
Combined: After heran, Cameron took a shower.
Advanced Info: Types of Dependent Clauses
Dependent clauses function as different parts of speech within a complex sentence:
- Adjective Clauses: Modify a noun or pronoun. They usually begin with relative pronouns like who, whom, whose, which, or that. Example: The man who is at the door wants to see you.
- Adverb Clauses: Modify a verb, adjective, or adverb. They tell when, where, why, or how. Example: I was late because I overslept.
- Noun Clauses: Function as a noun (subject or object). Example: I don’t know what happened yesterday.
Exercise 1: Independent or Dependent? Write ‘I’ for Independent and ‘D’ for Dependent.
- When the cake was served ______
- Because we were running late ______
- Devon brought his laptop to class ______
- If you need my opinion ______
- She came home at last ______
- Until the police arrived ______
- He asked me to help him ______
- After you get the directions ______
Exercise 2: Identification. Underline the dependent clause in each sentence.
- My friend,who does not have a dog, loves to play with mine.
- I don’t know what happened yesterday.
- Wherever Mason goes, he is loved.
- If you agree to help, I won’t forget it.
- The cat that has the white patches is mine.
- We rang the doorbell, but no one answered it.
- I wrote Jane a letter while she was away at camp.
- When the rain began, we were playing tennis.
Exercise 3: Matching. Match the main clause on the left with the correct subordinate clause on the right.
1. We picked the mushrooms
2. The police spoke to the man
3. We left the picnic
4. I asked the stranger
5. Autumn is the season
6. Bill ate lunch
7. Jill will attend
8. The bus driver didn’t know
2. The police spoke to the man
3. We left the picnic
4. I asked the stranger
5. Autumn is the season
6. Bill ate lunch
7. Jill will attend
8. The bus driver didn’t know
A.because it began to rain.
B. when leaves change color.
C. after he washed his hands.
D. that grew under the trees.
E. who crashed his car.
F. where he had come from.
G.which was my stop.
H. if she has time.
B. when leaves change color.
C. after he washed his hands.
D. that grew under the trees.
E. who crashed his car.
F. where he had come from.
G.which was my stop.
H. if she has time.
Exercise 4:Fill in the Blanks. Choose the best subordinating conjunction from the box: (after, as if, because, unless, when, although, while, before).
- I cooked dinner, _______ she set the table.
- The poor dog got sick _______ it ate the spoiled meat.
- I was late to the party _______ my car had a flat tire.
- The team will play baseball _______ it rains.
- Carl practices every day, _______ he is a skilled gymnast.
- The boy ran _______ his life depended on it.
- _______ the rain has stopped, we will go for a walk.
- Let’s meet for dinner _______ you have finished work.
Exercise 5: Classify the Clause. Is the underlined clause an Adjective (ADJ), Adverb (ADV), or Noun (N) clause?
- The man who works behind the counter is my uncle. (_____)
- How you want to pay me back is up to you. (_____)
- You can go if you finish your homework in time. (_____)
- I was late because I overslept. (_____)
- The man who is at the door wants to see you. (_____)
- Did you know that we can stay an extra day? (_____)
- I have a lot of homework that I have to do tonight. (_____)
- We left as soon as the concert ended. (_____)
Exercise 6: Sentence Combination. Combine the sentences using the suggested subordinator.
- My parents watch me closely. I am their jewel. (because)
- She is almost transparent. She reaches the clearing. (when)
- The odor of the perfume clings to the place. She has gone. (after)
- The temple door wants to open itself. You might step inside.(so that)
- Lift weights. You will build muscles. (if)
- I do yard work for my neighbors. They pay me well. (because)
- Rollerblading is fun. The time seems to fly by. (when)
- I can’t see the river. There are too many trees. (since)
