Lesson List Từ điển

Unit 1: Complete and Incomplete Sentences

Unit 2: Types of Sentences

Unit 3: Simple and Complete Subjects and Predicates

Unit 4: Common Nouns

Unit 5: Common and Proper Nouns

Unit 6: Plural Nouns

Unit 7: More Plural Nouns

Unit 8: Singular Possessive Nouns

Unit 9: Plural Possessive Nouns

Unit 10: Subject and Object Pronouns

Unit 11: Complete Sentences and End Punctuation Review

Unit 12: Common and Proper Nouns Review

Unit 13: Singular and Plural Nouns Review

Unit 14: Possessive Nouns Review

Unit 15: Subject and Object Pronouns Review

Unit 16: Action Verbs

Unit 17: Linking Verbs

Unit 18: Helping Verbs

Unit 19: Past, Present, and Future Tense Verbs

Unit 20: Perfect Tense Verbs

Unit 21: Irregular Verbs

Unit 22: Progressive Verbs

Unit 23: Transitive Verbs

Unit 24: Intransitive Verbs

Unit 25: Subject and Verb Agreement

Unit 26: Action Verbs Review

Unit 27: Linking and Helping Verbs Review

Unit 28: Verb Tenses Review

Unit 29: Verb Forms Review

Unit 30: Subject and Verb Agreement Review

Unit 31: Adjectives

Unit 32: Comparative and Superlative Adjectives

Unit 33: Irregular Comparative and Superlative Adjectives

Unit 34: Adverbs

Unit 35: More Adverbs

Unit 36: Adverbs without -ly

Unit 37: Synonyms

Unit 38: Antonyms

Bài học: Antonyms

Luyện tập: Antonyms

Unit 39: Homophones

Unit 40: Adjectives Review

Unit 41: Comparative and Superlative Adjectives Review

Unit 42: Adverbs Review

Unit 43: Synonyms and Antonyms Review

Unit 44: Homophones Review

Unit 45: Conjunctions

Unit 46: Compound Subjects

Unit 47: Compound Predicates

Unit 48: Prepositions and Prepositional Phrases

Unit 49: Dependent Clauses

Unit 50: Independent Clauses

Unit 51: Commas

Unit 52: Compound Sentences

Unit 53: Complex Sentences

Unit 54: Compound-Complex Sentences

Unit 55: Conjunctions Review

Unit 56: Compound Subjects and Compound Predicates Review

Unit 57: Prepositions and Prepositional Phrases Review

Unit 58: Dependent and Independent Clauses Review

Unit 59: Compound, Complex, and Compound-Complex Sentences Review

Unit 60: Appositives

Unit 61: More Uses for Commas

Unit 62: Quotation Marks

Unit 63: Contractions

Unit 64: Abbreviations

Unit 65: Semicolons

Unit 66: Colons

Unit 67: Word Usage: Sit or Set

Unit 68: Word Usage: Lie or Lay

Unit 69: Word Usage: Your or You’re

Unit 70: Appositives Review

Unit 71: Commas and Quotations Review

Unit 72: Contractions and Abbreviations Review

Unit 73: Colons and Semicolons Review

Unit 74: Word Usage Review

Unit 75: Interjections

Unit 76: Articles

Unit 77: Prefixes

Unit 78: Suffixes

Unit 79: More Prefixes

Unit 80: More Suffixes

Unit 81: Greek Root Words

Unit 82: Latin Root Words

Unit 83: Spelling Patterns and Exceptions

Unit 84: More Spelling Patterns and Exceptions

Unit 85: Negatives

Unit 86: Interjections and Articles Review

Unit 88: Suffixes Review

Unit 89: Greek and Latin Root Words Review

Unit 91: Negatives Review

Unit 92: Review of the Eight Parts of Speech

Unit 93: Applying Punctuation Knowledge

Unit 94: Applying Punctuation and Word Usage Knowledge

Unit 96: Adjectives, Adverbs, and Verb Tenses Review

Unit 97: Sentence Structure Review: Simple and Compound Sentences

Unit 98: Dependent Clauses and Sentence Structure

Luyện tập: Antonyms

Unit 38: Antonyms

Level: A2

Can-Do: I can identify and use words with opposite meanings to describe differences and improve my writing.

1. Core Vocabulary (Từ vựng cốt lõi)

Study the antonym pairs below. Notice how their meanings completely contrast with one another.

Word & Word Class	Definition & Translation	Contextual Example
ancient adjective	belonging to the very distant pastcổ kính, cổ xưa	We saw many ancient statues at the history museum.
modern adjective	relating to the present or recent timeshiện đại	The city has a lot of modern buildings made of glass.
rough adjective	having an uneven or irregular surfacexù xì, ráp	The bark of the old oak tree felt very rough.
smooth adjective	having an even and regular surfacenhẵn nhụi, mượt	The pebbles in the river are smooth and round.
generous adjective	showing a readiness to give more of somethinghào phóng	He is a generous man who helps everyone in need.
stingy adjective	not generous; unwilling to give or spendkeo kiệt, bủn xỉn	Don’t be stingy with your snacks; share them with us!
success noun	the accomplishment of an aim or purposesự thành công	The school concert was a great success.
failure noun	lack of successsự thất bại	He learned a lot of lessons from his first failure.
arrival noun	the act of reaching a placesự đến nơi	We waited at the airport for the arrival of the plane.
departure noun	the act of leaving a placesự khởi hành	The train’s departure was delayed by ten minutes.

2. Grammar Focus (Trọng tâm Ngữ pháp)

Point 1: Identifying Antonyms (Nhận biết Từ trái nghĩa)

Antonyms are words that have opposite or nearly opposite meanings. They are vital elements in English that allow you to express explicit contrasts and clarify descriptions effectively.

Structure: Word A (Adjective/Noun) <—> Word B (Opposite)

Key Examples:

Empty is the antonym of full.
The opposite of expensive is cheap.
Always and never are common antonyms.

Point 2: Using Antonyms to Show Contrast (Sử dụng Từ trái nghĩa chỉ sự tương phản)

Antonyms are frequently coupled together within single compound or complex sentences using coordinating or subordinating conjunctions like ‘but’, ‘while’, or ‘although’ to clearly compare two distinct subjects.

Structure: [Subject 1] is [Adjective], but [Subject 2] is [Antonym].

Key Examples:

The math test was difficult, but the English test was easy.
The weather was sunny today, although it was cloudy yesterday.
The rabbit is fast, while the turtle is slow.

3. Practice Exercises (Bài tập thực hành)

Exercise 1: Vocabulary Matching (Nối Từ) 6 Questions

Match the target words in Column A with their exact correct antonyms in Column B.

1. ancient

2. rough

3. generous

4. success

5. arrival

6. open

A. failure

B. modern

C. departure

D. smooth

E. closed

F. stingy

? Click to see Answer Key & Explanation (Đáp án & Giải thích)

Answers: 1-B, 2-D, 3-F, 4-A, 5-C, 6-E.

Detailed Explanations:

1-B: ‘ancient’ (cổ xưa) đối lập hoàn toàn với ‘modern’ (hiện đại).
2-D: ‘rough’ (xù xì, gồ ghề) có từ trái nghĩa trực tiếp là ‘smooth’ (nhẵn nhụi, mịn).
3-F: ‘generous’ (hào phóng, rộng rãi) tương phản với ‘stingy’ (keo kiệt, ích kỷ).
4-A: ‘success’ (sự thành công) là danh từ trái nghĩa với ‘failure’ (sự thất bại).
5-C: ‘arrival’ (sự đến nơi) ngược nghĩa với lịch trình ‘departure’ (sự khởi hành).
6-E: ‘open’ (mở) đối lập với trạng thái ‘closed’ (đóng).

Exercise 2: Contextual Gap Fill (Điền từ vào chỗ trống) 6 Questions

Fill in each blank space using an appropriate antonym from the box below to complete the sentence balance.

1. History books show us ancient pottery, but we use plates today.

2. While the skin of a peach is rough and fuzzy, the skin of a plum is completely .

3. She is incredibly generous with charities, but her brother is quite with money.

4. Hard work often leads to definitive success, whereas laziness usually results in total .

5. The arrival screen showed the plane landed at noon, and its scheduled is at 4:00 PM.

6. Diamonds are exceptionally expensive luxuries, but simple plastic beads are very .

? Click to see Answer Key & Explanation (Đáp án & Giải thích)

1. modern: Dùng để đối lập mang tính mốc thời gian với từ ‘ancient’ (cổ xưa) xuất hiện ở vế trước.
2. smooth: Bề mặt quả mận nhẵn nhụi, tương phản rõ rệt với bề mặt ‘rough’ (gồ ghề/nhám) của quả đào.
3. stingy: Từ thích hợp nhất chỉ tính cách trái ngược với người chị ‘generous’ (hào phóng).
4. failure: Kết quả lười biếng dẫn đến sự thất bại, ngược lại hoàn toàn với ‘success’ (thành công).
5. departure: Màn hình hiển thị giờ bay lên/khởi hành, bổ trợ thông tin đối lập cho từ ‘arrival’ (hạ cánh).
6. cheap: ‘Cheap’ (rẻ tiền) là cặp từ trái nghĩa cơ bản và chuẩn xác của ‘expensive’ (đắt đỏ).

Exercise 4: True or False Statements (Đúng hay Sai) 6 Questions

Read the structural descriptions below. Write T (True) or F (False) for each statement.

1. ‘Ancient’ and ‘modern’ can both be used as adjectives to describe buildings.

2. ‘Rough’ means exactly the same thing as ‘smooth’.

3. ‘Stingy’ is an antonym for ‘generous’.

4. ‘Success’ is an adjective, while ‘failure’ is a noun.

5. ‘Arrival’ and ‘departure’ are antonyms that relate to travel and movement.

6. Conjunctions like ‘but’ and ‘while’ can help join antonym pairs in sentences.

? Click to see Answer Key & Explanation (Đáp án & Giải thích)

Answers: 1. T | 2. F | 3. T | 4. F | 5. T | 6. T

Detailed Explanations:

1. T: Cả hai từ đều là tính từ mô tả tính chất công trình kiến trúc (cổ kính/hiện đại).
2. F: Hai từ này có ý nghĩa hoàn toàn trái ngược nhau, không phải đồng nghĩa.
3. T: ‘Stingy’ (ích kỷ/keo kiệt) chính là từ trái nghĩa chuẩn của ‘generous’.
4. F: Cả ‘success’ và ‘failure’ đều thuộc từ loại danh từ (nouns).
5. T: ‘Arrival’ (đến nơi) và ‘departure’ (khởi hành) dùng nhiều trong ngành vận tải, du lịch.
6. T: Các liên từ này đóng vai trò liên kết cấu trúc tương phản trong câu ghép chỉ sự đối lập.

Exercise 5: Sentence Reordering (Sắp xếp từ thành câu hoàn chỉnh) 6 Questions

Rearrange the scrambled words to create coherent sentences utilizing contrasting antonyms correctly.

1. [ modern / is / city / but / the / ancient / history / its / is ]

2. [ table / surface / rough / is / but / this / is / smooth / that ]

3. [ he / although / rich / is / stingy / is / very / he ]

4. [ a / experiment / first / failure / was / but / second / the / success / was / a ]

5. [ we / arrival / the / checked / before / departure / time / our / scheduled ]

6. [ always / early / he / arrive / but / sister / late / is / his ]

? Click to see Answer Key & Explanation (Đáp án & Giải thích)

Answers:

1. The city is modern but its history is ancient. / Its history is ancient but the city is modern.
2. This table is rough but that surface is smooth. / That surface is smooth but this table is rough.
3. Although he is rich, he is very stingy. / He is very stingy although he is rich.
4. The first experiment was a failure but the second was a success.
5. We checked the arrival time before our scheduled departure.
6. He always arrive early but his sister is late. / His sister is late but he always arrive early.

Detailed Explanations: Các câu được thiết kế dựa trên cấu trúc ngữ pháp mẫu học trong bài. Sử dụng liên từ phản ý (but, although) để kết nối hai mệnh đề có các tính từ/danh từ mang nghĩa trái ngược nhau hoàn toàn nhằm làm bật lên nội dung tương phản.

Exercise 6: Grammar Structure Selection (Lựa chọn liên từ tương phản) 6 Questions

Circle or choose the correct logical connector/word to complete the contrast sentence frames.

1. The stone castle was ancient, ( but / because ) the glass museum next to it was modern.

2. ( Although / Because ) the floor looked rough, it actually felt very smooth to touch.

3. Mark is generous with food, ( while / so ) Leo is extremely stingy.

4. Their first business venture was a failure, ( and / but ) the second project brought success.

5. We watched the plane’s departure, ( although / then ) we celebrated its safe arrival later.

6. Hot coffee is nice in winter, ( but / or ) cold juice is better during summer.

? Click to see Answer Key & Explanation (Đáp án & Giải thích)

1. but: ‘But’ nối hai vế đối lập trực tiếp giữa tòa nhà cổ kính và bảo tàng hiện đại.
2. Although: ‘Although’ đứng đầu câu chỉ sự nhượng bộ (mặc dù trông gồ ghề nhưng sờ lại mượt).
3. while: ‘While’ mang tính chất so sánh song song giữa hai hành vi trái ngược của Mark và Leo.
4. but: Sử dụng ‘but’ để chỉ sự đổi hướng từ kết quả thất bại sang thành công rực rỡ.
5. then: Đây là hành động theo chuỗi thời gian (xem cất cánh ‘then’ sau đó ăn mừng hạ cánh).
6. but: Tạo sự tương phản rõ rệt giữa đồ uống nóng mùa đông và đồ uống lạnh mùa hè.