Luyện tập: Sentence Structure Review: Simple and Compound Sentences
Level: A2
Unit 97

Sentence Structure Review: Simple and Compound Sentences

? Can-Do Statement: I can identify and create simple and compound sentences using coordinating conjunctions.

[IMAGE GENERATION PROMPT: A modern classroom with students looking at a large digital screen displaying sentence building blocks labeled Subject, Predicate, and Conjunctions. Bright and encouraging educational atmosphere.]

1. Target Vocabulary

Word & Typology Definition & Translation Contextualized Example
invention (noun) something new that is made for the first time
sự phát minh
The light bulb is a famous invention by Thomas Edison.
device (noun) a tool or machine used for a specific job
thiết bị
A smartphone is a very useful device for communication.
scientific (adjective) relating to science
thuộc về khoa học
We performed a scientific experiment in the classroom today.
create (verb) to make something happen or exist
tạo ra
Engineers create new machines to solve difficult problems.
digital (adjective) using computer technology
kỹ thuật số
Most people prefer using digital cameras over old film ones.
modern (adjective) relating to the present time
hiện đại
Modern technology makes our daily lives much easier.
discover (verb) to find something for the first time
khám phá / tìm ra
Scientists hope to discover new planets in our galaxy.
useful (adjective) helpful for doing something
hữu ích
This dictionary is very useful for my English homework.
knowledge (noun) information and skills gained through experience
kiến thức
Reading books is a great way to gain more knowledge.

2. Grammar Theory

? Simple Sentences

A simple sentence consists of exactly one independent clause. This means it contains a single subject and a predicate, and it expresses a complete thought. It does not contain any subordinate or other independent clauses.

Structure Subject + Predicate (Verb + optional objects/modifiers)
Examples • “The scientist worked in the lab all day.”
• “The new digital device works perfectly.”
• “We studied world history in school today.”
[IMAGE GENERATION PROMPT: Infographic showing the formula for a Compound Sentence: Independent Clause + Comma + Coordinating Conjunction (FANBOYS) + Independent Clause. Clean and academic layout.]

⚡ Compound Sentences

A compound sentence contains two or more independent clauses joined together. The most common way to join them is by using a comma followed by a coordinating conjunction (easily remembered by the acronym FANBOYS: for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so).

Structure Independent Clause + , + Conjunction + Independent Clause
Examples • “He liked the invention, but it was too expensive to buy.”
• “She studied hard for the test, and she received an A.”
• “You can use the new tablet, or you can use the laptop.”

3. Practice Exercises

Exercise 1: Vocabulary Matching 6 Questions

Match the target vocabulary word on the left with its correct contextual definition/synonym on the right.

  • 1. invention
    A. A tool or machine built for a specific job B. Something entirely new created for the first time
  • 2. device
    A. A mechanical or electronic gadget or tool B. The accumulation of facts and structural skills
  • 3. scientific
    A. Relating to empirical evidence and systematic studies B. Connected strictly with historical ancient events
  • 4. digital
    A. Using old analog film or manual mechanical systems B. Using computer technology and advanced electronics
  • 5. discover
    A. To safely store or hide an old item B. To find or become aware of something for the first time
  • 6. knowledge
    A. Information, facts, and skills gained through experience B. A completely new machine built by modern engineers
? Click to see Answer Key & Explanation (Đáp án & Giải thích)
1. B – “invention” refers to something made for the first time. (sự phát minh: thứ hoàn toàn mới được tạo ra lần đầu tiên)
2. A – “device” means a tool or machine used for a specific job. (thiết bị: một dụng cụ hoặc máy móc cho công việc cụ thể)
3. A – “scientific” relates directly to the systematic field of science. (thuộc về khoa học: liên quan tới bằng chứng thực nghiệm và nghiên cứu hệ thống)
4. B – “digital” characterizes modern computer and technological formats. (kỹ thuật số: sử dụng công nghệ máy tính và điện tử tiên tiến)
5. B – “discover” means tracking down or finding something new first. (khám phá: tìm ra hoặc nhận biết điều gì đó lần đầu tiên)
6. A – “knowledge” represents information and expertise acquired. (kiến thức: thông tin, sự thật và kỹ năng có được qua trải nghiệm)
Exercise 2: Contextual Gap Fill 6 Questions

Fill in the blanks with the correct words from the box below. Use each word exactly once.

create  |  modern  |  useful  |  digital  |  knowledge  |  device
  1. The smartphone is a multi-functional that fulfills many daily needs.
  2. Engineers constantly try to more sustainable energy systems.
  3. Books are incredibly tools for students who want to study alone.
  4. Our university library helps students expand their academic .
  5. technology changes much faster than traditional technology.
  6. We live in a world where almost everything is connected to the internet.
? Click to see Answer Key & Explanation (Đáp án & Giải thích)
1. device – A smartphone is a concrete object/tool. (thiết bị: Điện thoại thông minh là một công cụ đa chức năng)
2. create – Needs a base verb after “try to”. (tạo ra: Các kỹ sư liên tục cố gắng tạo ra các hệ thống năng lượng bền vững hơn)
3. useful – An adjective modifying the noun “tools”. (hữu ích: Sách là công cụ vô cùng hữu ích cho học sinh tự học)
4. knowledge – Fits the verb phrase “expand their academic knowledge”. (kiến thức: Thư viện trường giúp học sinh mở rộng kiến thức học thuật)
5. Modern – Refers to current-era technology. (Hiện đại: Công nghệ hiện đại thay đổi nhanh hơn nhiều so với công nghệ truyền thống)
6. digital – Connected to the internet implies a computerized/digital world. (kỹ thuật số: Chúng ta sống trong một thế giới kỹ thuật số nơi mọi thứ kết nối internet)
[IMAGE GENERATION PROMPT: Side-by-side comparison graphics. Left side: A single person walking (Simple Sentence). Right side: Two people walking together holding a sign that says “AND” (Compound Sentence).]
Exercise 3: Multiple Choice Structure Selection 6 Questions

Choose the best coordinating conjunction or punctuation to complete each compound sentence properly.

  • 1. The laboratory has advanced equipment, ______ the researchers need more funding.
    A. but B. or
  • 2. You must present your digital ID card, ______ you cannot enter the scientific facility.
    A. so B. or
  • 3. The system update was highly effective, ______ all users noticed immediate improvements.
    A. so B. yet
  • 4. They did not complete the data analysis, ______ did they write the final summary report.
    A. nor B. for
  • 5. We want to purchase the new modern device, ______ it is currently out of stock everywhere.
    A. and B. yet
  • 6. The team gathered immense knowledge, ______ they discovered answers to complex problems.
    A. and B. but
? Click to see Answer Key & Explanation (Đáp án & Giải thích)
1. A (but) – Expresses a contrast between having good equipment and lacking funds. (Thể hiện sự tương phản giữa có thiết bị tốt nhưng lại thiếu vốn)
2. B (or) – Shows an alternative condition or consequence. (Thể hiện một điều kiện lựa chọn hoặc hậu quả trái ngược: nếu không thì không thể vào)
3. A (so) – Shows a cause and effect relationship. (Thể hiện quan hệ nguyên nhân – kết quả: cập nhật hiệu quả vì vậy người dùng thấy cải thiện ngay)
4. A (nor) – Used to combine two negative statements; triggers subject-verb inversion (“did they”). (Dùng để nối hai câu phủ định và gây ra đảo ngữ)
5. B (yet) – Means “but at the same time” which highlights contrast. (Tuy nhiên/Nhưng mà: Muốn mua thiết bị hiện đại mới nhưng hiện tại đang hết hàng)
6. A (and) – Joins two related positive actions seamlessly. (Và: Đội ngũ thu thập kiến thức to lớn và họ đã tìm ra câu trả lời)
Exercise 4: Structure Identification (True / False) 6 Questions

State whether the given sentences are Compound Sentences. Mark TRUE if it is a compound sentence, or FALSE if it is a simple sentence.

  • 1. The old scientist discovered a new cure and shared it with the entire world.
    TRUE (Compound) FALSE (Simple)
  • 2. Modern digital applications make remote work highly productive, so companies love them.
    TRUE (Compound) FALSE (Simple)
  • 3. Many new useful inventions fail in the competitive commercial market due to high pricing.
    TRUE (Compound) FALSE (Simple)
  • 4. We gained great knowledge from the book, but we still needed hands-on training.
    TRUE (Compound) FALSE (Simple)
  • 5. You can read scientific journals online, or you can borrow physical books from our library.
    TRUE (Compound) FALSE (Simple)
  • 6. Both engineers and digital designers create modern computer programs daily.
    TRUE (Compound) FALSE (Simple)
? Click to see Answer Key & Explanation (Đáp án & Giải thích)
1. FALSE – This is a simple sentence with a compound predicate (“discovered… and shared…”). It contains only one clause. (Sai: Đây là câu đơn có vị ngữ kép, không phải câu ghép vì vế sau không có chủ ngữ riêng)
2. TRUE – Contains two full independent clauses separated by “, so”. (Đúng: Gồm hai mệnh đề độc lập đầy đủ nối với nhau bằng dấu phẩy và từ ‘so’)
3. FALSE – A long simple sentence with phrases but only one independent subject-verb core. (Sai: Câu đơn có nhiều trạng ngữ bổ nghĩa nhưng chỉ có một cụm chủ-vị chính)
4. TRUE – Contains two complete thoughts joined by the coordinating conjunction “, but”. (Đúng: Hai mệnh đề độc lập hoàn chỉnh được kết nối bằng dấu phẩy và ‘but’)
5. TRUE – Contains two distinct clauses joined by “, or”. (Đúng: Có hai mệnh đề tách biệt rõ ràng được liên kết bằng dấu phẩy và từ lựa chọn ‘or’)
6. FALSE – This is a simple sentence with a compound subject (“Both engineers and digital designers”). (Sai: Câu đơn có chủ ngữ kép, chỉ có một hành động ‘create’)
Exercise 5: Sentence Reordering 6 Questions

Rearrange the words to make complete, grammatically correct simple or compound sentences. (Remember punctuation!)

  1. useful / digital / is / device / a / smartphone / a / .
  2. worked / the / scientist / laboratory / the / in / .
  3. expensive / it / was / but / liked / invention / he / the / , / .
  4. create / solutions / engineers / modern / problems / for / .
  5. gained / she / and / knowledge / books / read / she / , / .
  6. discover / planets / they / or / can / stars / study / , / they / can / .
? Click to see Answer Key & Explanation (Đáp án & Giải thích)
1. A smartphone is a useful digital device. (Điện thoại thông minh là một thiết bị kỹ thuật số hữu ích. – Câu đơn)
2. The scientist worked in the laboratory. (Nhà khoa học đã làm việc trong phòng thí nghiệm. – Câu đơn)
3. He liked the invention, but it was expensive. (Anh ấy thích phát minh đó, nhưng nó đắt tiền. – Câu ghép)
4. Engineers create solutions for modern problems. (Các kỹ sư tạo ra giải pháp cho các vấn đề hiện đại. – Câu đơn)
5. She read books, and she gained knowledge. (Cô ấy đã đọc sách, và cô ấy đã tích lũy thêm kiến thức. – Câu ghép)
6. They can study stars, or they can discover planets. (Họ có thể nghiên cứu các ngôi sao, hoặc họ có thể khám phá các hành tinh. – Câu ghép)
Exercise 6: Grammar Selection & Synthesis 6 Questions

Identify the missing grammatical structural component or classify the underlined segment of text.

  • 1. In the compound sentence structure pattern, what must precede the coordinating conjunction?
    A. A comma ( , ) B. A period ( . )
  • 2. Identify the subject in: “The new digital device works perfectly online.”
    A. The new digital device B. works perfectly online
  • 3. “We studied world history in school today.” What structure is this?
    A. Simple Sentence B. Compound Sentence
  • 4. Which word in the FANBOYS acronym signifies a cause/reason similarly to “because”?
    A. for B. so
  • 5. “You can use the new tablet, or you can use the laptop.” How many independent clauses are here?
    A. One single independent clause B. Two separate independent clauses
  • 6. Compound sentences require clauses that can stand alone as complete sentences. What are they called?
    A. Dependent clauses B. Independent clauses
? Click to see Answer Key & Explanation (Đáp án & Giải thích)
1. A – A comma is standard before a coordinating conjunction that joins two full clauses. (Dấu phẩy: Cần đứng trước liên từ kết hợp khi nối hai mệnh đề độc lập)
2. A – “The new digital device” acts as the complete noun phrase subject. (Chủ ngữ: Toàn bộ cụm danh từ làm chủ ngữ cho hành động ‘works’)
3. A – It contains only one subject and one predicate clause expressing a complete idea. (Câu đơn: Chỉ chứa một mệnh đề độc lập duy nhất)
4. A – “for” can function as a coordinating conjunction meaning “because” in formal contexts. (‘for’ có nghĩa chỉ nguyên nhân tương tự như ‘because’ trong văn phong trang trọng)
5. B – “You can use the new tablet” and “you can use the laptop” are two independent clauses. (Hai mệnh đề độc lập riêng biệt có thể tách thành hai câu hoàn chỉnh)
6. B – Clauses expressing complete thoughts that stand alone are independent clauses. (Mệnh đề độc lập: Có thể đứng một mình mà vẫn trọn vẹn ý nghĩa)
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