Unit 13: Discover Grammar
Welcome to Unit 13 of Discover Grammar. In this unit, we explore advanced grammar structures and vocabulary suitable for B2 learners. You will gain deeper insights into sentence formation, word usage, and practical exercises to improve your fluency.
Vocabulary
Here is a list of key vocabulary for this unit. Each word includes its part of speech, Vietnamese translation, and example sentence.
- Example (n.) – ví dụ – This is an example sentence demonstrating the new word.
- Illustrate (v.) – minh họa – The teacher used a diagram to illustrate the grammar point.
- Structure (n.) – cấu trúc – Understanding sentence structure is essential for writing correctly.
Grammar Breakdown
1. Present Perfect vs. Past Simple
The Present Perfect is used for actions that have relevance to the present. The Past Simple is used for completed actions in the past.
| Form | Usage | Example |
|---|---|---|
| Present Perfect | Experience, result | I have visited Paris three times. |
| Past Simple | Completed past action | I visited Paris last summer. |
Additional examples:
- She has finished her homework already.
- They saw the movie yesterday.
- Have you ever tried sushi?
2. Relative Clauses
Relative clauses provide extra information about a noun. Use who, which, that appropriately.
Examples:
- The woman who called yesterday is my aunt.
- This is the book that I borrowed from the library.
- He lives in a house which has a beautiful garden.
3. Conditional Sentences (Type 1 & Type 2)
Conditional sentences describe possible situations and their outcomes.
| Type | Form | Usage | Example |
|---|---|---|---|
| Type 1 | If + present, will + verb | Real future possibilities | If it rains, we will stay inside. |
| Type 2 | If + past, would + verb | Hypothetical situations | If I were rich, I would travel the world. |
Additional examples:
- If she studies hard, she will pass the exam.
- If I had more time, I would learn French.
- We would go hiking if the weather were better.
Practice Exercises
1. Vocabulary Matching
- Illustrate
- Structure
- Example
- Grammar
- Relative
- Conditional
? Click to see Answer Key & Explanation (Đáp án & Giải thích)
1. minh họa – Illustrate (v) / 2. cấu trúc – Structure (n) / 3. ví dụ – Example (n) / 4. ngữ pháp – Grammar (n) / 5. liên quan – Relative (adj) / 6. điều kiện – Conditional (n)Giải thích: Matching English words with Vietnamese meanings and part of speech.
2. Gap Fill
- She ____ visited London three times. (have/has)
- If it rains, we ____ stay inside. (will/would)
- The man ____ called you is my uncle. (who/which)
- I ____ finished my homework. (have/has)
- If I ____ more money, I would buy a car. (have/had)
- This is the book ____ I borrowed. (that/which)
? Click to see Answer Key & Explanation (Đáp án & Giải thích)
1. has – She has visited London three times. / Cô ấy đã đến London ba lần.2. will – If it rains, we will stay inside. / Nếu trời mưa, chúng ta sẽ ở trong nhà.
3. who – The man who called you is my uncle. / Người đàn ông đã gọi bạn là chú tôi.
4. have – I have finished my homework. / Tôi đã hoàn thành bài tập.
5. had – If I had more money, I would buy a car. / Nếu tôi có nhiều tiền hơn, tôi sẽ mua một chiếc xe.
6. that – This is the book that I borrowed. / Đây là cuốn sách mà tôi đã mượn.
3. Multiple Choice
- She ____ already eaten. a) have b) has c) had
- If I were you, I ____ study harder. a) will b) would c) did
- The house ____ has a red door is mine. a) who b) which c) that
- I ____ never seen that movie before. a) have b) has c) had
- If it rains tomorrow, we ____ go hiking. a) would b) will c) can
- He is the person ____ won the prize. a) who b) which c) that
? Click to see Answer Key & Explanation (Đáp án & Giải thích)
1. has / Cô ấy đã ăn rồi.2. would / Nếu tôi là bạn, tôi sẽ học chăm hơn.
3. which / Ngôi nhà có cửa đỏ là của tôi.
4. have / Tôi chưa bao giờ xem bộ phim đó.
5. will / Nếu trời mưa ngày mai, chúng ta sẽ đi leo núi.
6. who / Anh ấy là người đã giành giải thưởng.
4. True/False
- Present Perfect is used for completed past actions without relevance to the present.
- Relative clauses can use “who”, “which”, or “that”.
- Type 2 conditional expresses real possibilities in the future.
- Past Simple is used for actions completed in the past at a specific time.
- Conditional Type 1: If + present, will + verb.
- “Which” can refer to both people and things.
? Click to see Answer Key & Explanation (Đáp án & Giải thích)
1. False – Present Perfect has relevance to the present / Hiện tại hoàn thành có liên quan đến hiện tại.2. True – / Đúng
3. False – Type 2 is hypothetical / Loại 2 là giả định.
4. True – / Đúng
5. True – / Đúng
6. False – “Which” refers only to things / “Which” chỉ dùng cho vật.
5. Sentence Reordering
- visited / she / Paris / has / three times
- study / if / I / were / you / would / harder
- who / the man / called / is / my uncle
- homework / finished / I / have / my
- rain / tomorrow / if / it / we / will / stay inside
- book / borrowed / that / I / is / the / new
? Click to see Answer Key & Explanation (Đáp án & Giải thích)
1. She has visited Paris three times. / Cô ấy đã đến Paris ba lần.2. If I were you, I would study harder. / Nếu tôi là bạn, tôi sẽ học chăm hơn.
3. The man who called is my uncle. / Người đàn ông đã gọi là chú tôi.
4. I have finished my homework. / Tôi đã hoàn thành bài tập.
5. If it rains tomorrow, we will stay inside. / Nếu trời mưa ngày mai, chúng ta sẽ ở trong nhà.
6. That is the new book I borrowed. / Đây là cuốn sách mới mà tôi đã mượn.
6. Grammar Selection
- Select the correct sentence using Present Perfect.
- Choose the correct relative pronoun: “The girl ____ sings beautifully.”
- Select Type 1 conditional: “If he ____ (study), he ____ (pass) the test.”
- Choose correct form: “I ____ (never/see) that movie before.”
- Pick the correct Type 2 conditional: “If I ____ (be) taller, I ____ (play) basketball better.”
- Choose correct sentence: “This is the book ____ I bought yesterday.”
? Click to see Answer Key & Explanation (Đáp án & Giải thích)
1. I have visited London. / Tôi đã đến London.2. who / Cô gái mà hát hay.
3. If he studies, he will pass the test. / Nếu anh ấy học, anh ấy sẽ vượt qua bài kiểm tra.
4. have never seen / Tôi chưa bao giờ xem bộ phim đó.
5. were / would play / Nếu tôi cao hơn, tôi sẽ chơi bóng rổ tốt hơn.
6. that / Đây là cuốn sách mà tôi đã mua hôm qua.
