Unit 24 - Theory Page

Unit Goal

In this unit, you will learn:

  • Vocabulary about the sun and the moon.
  • Comparative adjectives.
  • Superlative adjectives.
  • Possessive nouns.
  • Capitalization and lowercase usage.

Vocabulary

sun

The sun is the bright star in the sky. It gives us light and heat.

Example: The sun is shining today.

moon

The moon is the round object we can see in the sky at night.

Example: The moon looks bright tonight.

Exercise Context
A simple educational scene showing a bright yellow sun in the daytime sky and a white moon in the evening sky above a small park, clear weather, friendly colors, easy for A1-A2 English learners to identify sky objects

Grammar 1: Comparative Adjectives

We use comparative adjectives to compare two things.

Pattern:

Subject + be + adjective + -er + than + noun

Examples:

  • The sun is hotter than the moon.
  • This box is bigger than that box.

Worked Example

Question: Compare a large ball and a small ball.

Answer: The large ball is bigger than the small ball.

Grammar 2: Superlative Adjectives

We use superlative adjectives to show one thing is the most in a group.

Pattern:

Subject + be + the + adjective + -est

Examples:

  • The sun is the brightest object in the daytime sky.
  • Mount Everest is the highest mountain.

Worked Example

Question: Three animals: a mouse, a cat, and an elephant. Which is the largest?

Answer: The elephant is the largest.

Grammar 3: Possessive Nouns

A possessive noun shows ownership.

For one person or thing: add 's

  • The girl's book
  • The moon's light

For plural nouns ending in s: add '

  • The students' classroom
  • The players' uniforms

Worked Example

Question: The bike belongs to Tom.

Answer: It is Tom's bike.

Grammar 4: Capitalization and Lowercase Usage

Use a capital letter at the beginning of a sentence.

Example:

  • The sun is bright.

Use capital letters for names.

  • Anna
  • Singapore
  • Monday

Use lowercase letters for most common nouns.

  • sun
  • moon
  • book

Worked Example

Incorrect: the Sun is bright.

Correct: The sun is bright.

Quick Review

  • sun = the bright star in the sky.
  • moon = the object we see at night.
  • Use comparatives to compare two things: bigger than, hotter than.
  • Use superlatives for the most: biggest, hottest.
  • Use possessive nouns to show ownership: Tom's book.
  • Use capital letters at the start of sentences and for names.
🔑 Đáp án & Giải thích

So sánh hơn (Comparative): Dùng để so sánh 2 sự vật. Ví dụ: hotter than, bigger than.

So sánh nhất (Superlative): Dùng khi một vật nổi bật nhất trong nhóm. Ví dụ: the biggest, the brightest.

Possessive nouns: Thêm 's để chỉ sự sở hữu. Ví dụ: Tom's bike, the moon's light.

Capitalization: Viết hoa chữ cái đầu câu và tên riêng. Ví dụ: Anna, Monday, Singapore.

Lowercase: Các danh từ thông thường như sun, moon, book thường viết thường.