Unit 22: Sharks

Can-do Goal

I can understand and use everyday English to talk about sharks.

In this unit, you will learn words about sharks and how to join ideas with coordinating conjunctions.

Sharks: What Are They?

Exercise Context
A large gray shark swimming in a blue ocean near small fish, sunlight coming through the water, calm underwater scene, educational nature illustration for beginner English learners

A shark is a fish that lives in the ocean. Sharks have gills, scales, and many teeth. Some sharks are predators. They use their strong sense of smell to find food.

Target Vocabulary

Word Simple Meaning Example
shark A large fish that lives in the ocean. The shark is swimming.
ocean A very large body of salt water. Sharks live in the ocean.
gills Parts that help fish breathe in water. The shark breathes with its gills.
scales Small hard pieces that cover a fish's body. The fish has scales.
predator An animal that hunts other animals. The shark is a predator.
jaw The mouth bone that holds teeth. The shark has a strong jaw.
tooth One hard white part in the mouth. The shark lost a tooth.
smell To notice odors with the nose. Sharks can smell food.
survivor A person or animal that stays alive after danger. The survivor was safe.
🔑 Đáp án & Giải thích

shark = cá mập

ocean = đại dương

gills = mang cá, giúp cá thở dưới nước

scales = vảy

predator = động vật săn mồi

jaw = hàm

tooth = răng

smell = ngửi, khứu giác

survivor = người hoặc động vật sống sót

Grammar: Coordinating Conjunctions (FANBOYS)

What are coordinating conjunctions?

Coordinating conjunctions join two words, phrases, or sentences.

FANBOYS = For, And, Nor, But, Or, Yet, So

Conjunction Use Example
for gives a reason The shark moved fast, for it was hungry.
and adds information The shark has gills and scales.
nor adds another negative idea The shark was not small, nor was it weak.
but shows contrast The shark is large, but it is not a whale.
or shows a choice Do you see a shark or a dolphin?
yet shows contrast The shark was tired, yet it kept swimming.
so shows a result The shark smelled food, so it swam closer.

Sentence Pattern

Sentence 1 + conjunction + Sentence 2

Example: The shark has a strong jaw, and it has many teeth.

🔑 Đáp án & Giải thích

Liên từ kết hợp (coordinating conjunctions) dùng để nối hai ý có cùng tầm quan trọng.

  • and = và
  • but = nhưng
  • or = hoặc
  • so = vì vậy
  • for = vì
  • yet = tuy nhiên
  • nor = cũng không

Worked Examples

Example 1

Two ideas:

  • The shark has scales.
  • The shark has gills.

Join with "and":

The shark has scales and gills.

Example 2

Two ideas:

  • The shark smelled food.
  • It swam quickly.

Join with "so":

The shark smelled food, so it swam quickly.

Example 3

Two ideas:

  • The shark is big.
  • It is not dangerous to people all the time.

Join with "but":

The shark is big, but it is not dangerous to people all the time.

🔑 Đáp án & Giải thích

Ví dụ 1: dùng and để thêm thông tin.

Ví dụ 2: dùng so để chỉ kết quả.

Ví dụ 3: dùng but để thể hiện sự tương phản.

Quick Summary

  • A shark is a fish that lives in the ocean.
  • Important words: shark, ocean, gills, scales, predator, jaw, tooth, smell, survivor.
  • Use FANBOYS (for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so) to join ideas.
  • Common conjunctions at A1-A2 level: and, but, or, so.