Unit 4: Comparing Data and Results

Illustration

In this unit, you will learn simple words to compare data and results. You will practice talking about what is bigger, smaller, or the same in your work.

Trong bài học này, bạn sẽ học các từ vựng đơn giản để so sánh số liệu và kết quả. Bạn sẽ thực hành cách nói về những điểm lớn hơn, nhỏ hơn hoặc giống nhau trong công việc của mình.

Can-do Statement

I can compare numbers, results, or information and talk about differences and similarities.

In science and engineering, we often compare data. We look at numbers, graphs, charts, and results. We can say which thing is bigger, smaller, higher, lower, the same, or different.

Vocabulary

Word Simple Meaning Example
big large in size The machine is big.
small not big The box is small.
high at a large level or number The temperature is high.
low not high The pressure is low.
more a larger amount Sample A has more water.
less a smaller amount Sample B has less water.
same not different The results are the same.
different not the same The two graphs are different.
number a value such as 5, 20, or 100 The number is 25.
result the answer after a test or experiment The result is good.
example something that shows an idea Here is an example.
graph a picture that shows data The graph shows temperature.
chart a table or picture of information The chart shows results.
data information or numbers The data are useful.
problem something that needs a solution We solve the problem.

Understanding Data and Results

Exercise Context

We compare data to understand information.

  • Which number is higher?
  • Which result is better?
  • Are the results the same?
  • Are the graphs different?

These questions help us understand data clearly.

Grammar 1: Comparatives (bigger, smaller)

What are comparatives?

We use comparatives to compare two things.

Adjective Comparative
big bigger
small smaller
high higher
low lower

Pattern:

Thing A + is + comparative + than + Thing B

Examples:

  • The number 20 is higher than 10.
  • Graph A is bigger than Graph B.
  • Result B is better than Result A.

Grammar 2: Present Simple for Facts

Use present simple for facts and data.

Pattern:

Subject + verb

Examples:

  • The chart shows the data.
  • The graph shows temperature.
  • Water boils at 100°C.
  • The result is correct.

We use present simple when information is true or when we describe data.

Grammar 3: There is / There are

Use there is and there are to talk about what exists.

Form Example
There is + singular noun There is one graph.
There are + plural noun There are two charts.

Examples:

  • There is a problem.
  • There is one result.
  • There are three examples.
  • There are many numbers in the chart.

Worked Example 1

Data:

  • Graph A = 40
  • Graph B = 60

Question: Which graph is higher?

Answer: Graph B is higher than Graph A.

Why? 60 is greater than 40.

🔑 Đáp án & Giải thích

Ta dùng dạng so sánh hơn: higher than.

Vì 60 lớn hơn 40 nên Graph B cao hơn Graph A.

Worked Example 2

Data:

  • Result A = 25
  • Result B = 25

Question: Are the results different?

Answer: No. The results are the same.

Why? Both numbers are 25.

🔑 Đáp án & Giải thích

Hai kết quả đều bằng 25 nên không khác nhau.

Ta dùng cấu trúc: The results are the same.

Worked Example 3

Situation:

A report contains one graph and three charts.

Question: Use there is / there are.

Answer:

  • There is one graph.
  • There are three charts.

Why? One graph = singular. Three charts = plural.

🔑 Đáp án & Giải thích

Dùng There is với danh từ số ít.

Dùng There are với danh từ số nhiều.

One graph → There is.

Three charts → There are.

Unit Summary

  • Use bigger, smaller, higher, lower to compare two things.
  • Use present simple for facts and data descriptions.
  • Use there is for one thing and there are for more than one thing.
  • Use words like same, different, more, and less when discussing results.
  • Graphs, charts, and data help us compare information.