Unit 8: Verbs — Introduction

1. What is a Verb?

A verb is a word that shows an action or a state.
Examples:
  • I eat rice. (action)
  • She runs fast. (action)
  • They are happy. (state)
Exercise Context
A young woman running in a park in the morning, smiling, trees and sunlight around, simple daily life action scene

2. Verb Moods (How we use verbs)

Verb mood shows the speaker’s purpose.
  • Indicative (facts): → She works every day.
  • Imperative (commands): → Open the door.
  • Subjunctive (wishes/ideas): → I suggest he study more.

3. Verb Voice (Who does the action?)

Voice shows if the subject does the action or receives it.
  • Active voice: → The boy kicks the ball.
  • Passive voice: → The ball is kicked by the boy.

4. Verb Tense (Time)

Tense shows when something happens.
  • Present: I eat lunch. (now)
  • Past: I ate lunch. (before)
  • Future: I will eat lunch. (later)

5. Verb Forms

Verbs have different forms.
  • Base form: eat
  • Infinitive: to eat
  • -ing form: eating
  • Past form: ate
  • Past participle: eaten

6. Spelling Rules (-ing / -ed)

When we add -ing or -ed, spelling can change.
  • Double consonant: run → running, stop → stopped
  • Y → I: study → studied
  • Add -ing: play → playing
  • Add -ed: walk → walked

7. Worked Examples

Example 1:
She (run) every day → She runs every day.

Example 2:
They (play) yesterday → They played yesterday.

Example 3:
The cake (eat) by Tom → The cake is eaten by Tom.
🔑 Đáp án & Giải thích
  • Example 1: “runs” vì chủ ngữ “She” ở hiện tại → thêm -s
  • Example 2: “played” vì có “yesterday” → thì quá khứ
  • Example 3: “is eaten” vì câu bị động (cake nhận hành động)