Unit 2: Capitalization

Can-do Goal

I can understand and use capitalization in everyday English.

Capitalization means using capital letters (big letters) in the correct places.

Target Vocabulary

  • capitalization = the use of capital letters.
  • lower case = small letters (a, b, c).
  • upper case = capital letters (A, B, C).
  • capitals = capital letters.
  • proper nouns = special names of people, places, days, months, and organizations.
  • abbreviations = short forms of words, often written with capital letters.
  • titles = names of books, movies, songs, and articles.
  • pronoun I = the word "I" used to talk about yourself.
Exercise Context
A young English student sitting at a desk in a bright classroom, writing sentences in a notebook, some words begin with capital letters, colorful alphabet posters on the wall, friendly learning atmosphere, clear examples of uppercase and lowercase letters, simple A1-A2 English study context

Grammar 1: Capital Letters at the Beginning of Sentences

Rule: The first word of every sentence starts with a capital letter.

Correct:

  • My name is Anna.
  • We study English every day.
  • They live in Singapore.

Incorrect:

  • my name is Anna.
  • we study English every day.

Grammar 2: Proper Nouns and Abbreviations

Rule: Use capital letters for proper nouns and abbreviations.

Proper Nouns

  • People: John, Maria
  • Countries: Japan, Brazil
  • Cities: Singapore, London
  • Days: Monday, Friday
  • Months: January, August

Abbreviations

  • USA
  • UK
  • UN
  • TV

Grammar 3: Capital Letters in Titles

Rule: Use capital letters for major words in titles.

Examples:

  • The Great Adventure
  • Learning English Today
  • A Beautiful Day

Important words usually begin with capital letters in titles.

Grammar 4: The Pronoun I

Rule: The pronoun I is always capitalized.

Correct:

  • I like music.
  • Tom and I are friends.
  • I am tired today.

Incorrect:

  • i like music.
  • Tom and i are friends.

Worked Example 1

Sentence: my sister lives in australia.

Step 1: Capitalize the first word.

→ My sister lives in australia.

Step 2: Capitalize the country name.

→ My sister lives in Australia.

Correct Answer: My sister lives in Australia.

Worked Example 2

Sentence: i study english on monday.

Step 1: Capitalize the pronoun I.

→ I study english on monday.

Step 2: Capitalize the language and day name.

→ I study English on Monday.

Correct Answer: I study English on Monday.

Worked Example 3

Title: the secret garden

Step 1: Capitalize important words.

Correct Title: The Secret Garden

Quick Summary

  • Start every sentence with a capital letter.
  • Use capitals for proper nouns such as names, places, days, and months.
  • Use capitals for many abbreviations.
  • Use capitals for major words in titles.
  • The pronoun I is always capitalized.
🔑 Đáp án & Giải thích

Tóm tắt bằng tiếng Việt:

  • Luôn viết hoa chữ cái đầu câu.
  • Viết hoa tên riêng như tên người, quốc gia, thành phố, ngày và tháng.
  • Nhiều từ viết tắt được viết bằng chữ in hoa (USA, UK, UN).
  • Trong tiêu đề, các từ quan trọng thường được viết hoa.
  • Đại từ "I" luôn luôn viết hoa dù đứng ở vị trí nào trong câu.

Ví dụ:

  • my name is lan. → My name is Lan.
  • i live in vietnam. → I live in Vietnam.
  • the great adventure → The Great Adventure