Unit 20: Grammar & Vocabulary Extension
Grammar Reference
There is / There are
We use there is for singular nouns and there are forplural nouns to indicate existence. Example: There is a man on the roof. There are seven days in a week.
To Let vs. To Make
Let means to allow or permit. Structure: Let + object + infinitive without ‘to’. Example: Please let me buyyou a drink. Make means to force or require. Structure: Make + object + infinitive without ‘to’. Example: Mum made me stay at home.
Time Clauses: When / While
With conjunctions of time like when and while, we use the present tense even when referring to the future. Structure: Will + verb + when/while + present simple. Example:They will eat when they arrive. While I am in Santiago, I’ll call you.
How + Adjective/Adverb
Use How+ adjective/adverb to form open questions. Examples: How tall are you? How often do you go to the cinema?
Advanced Structures
Had better: Strong advice or a firm suggestion. Structure: Subject + had better (not) + infinitive without ‘to’. Example: You had better tell her the bad news.
Would rather: Shows preference. Structure: Subject + would rather + infinitive without ‘to’. Example: I would rather go for a swim.
Words ending in -ever: Whoever, whatever, whichever, however, whenever, wherever mean “it doesn’t matter who/what/which.”
Whether vs. If: Use whether to discuss two alternatives or after prepositions. Example: I don’t know whether we should invest or not.
Emphatic ‘do’: Use do/does/did in affirmative sentences to addemphasis. Example: I do like coffee!
Verbs of Impression: Look, sound, smell, taste, feel + adjective. Example: She looks happy.
Exercise 1: There is / There are
Complete the sentences with ‘There is’ or ‘There are’.
1. ________ a train in the station.
2. ________ seven days in a week.
3. ________ a man on the roof.
4. ________ many traffic jams in my town.
5. ________ an excellent museum nearby.
6. ________ people from many different countries here.
7. ________ lots of flats in the city centre.
8. ________ a beach and a river in this region.,
Exercise 2: To Let and To Make
Complete the sentences using the correct form of ‘let’ or ‘make’.
1. Please ________ me buy you a drink. (allow)
2. My parents don’t ________ me go out at night. (permit)
3. Mum ________ me stay at home last night. (forced)
4. The teacher ________the class stay late. (required)
5. Don’t ________ the children fall asleep. (allow)
6. He ________ us read a poem. (forced)
7. Will you ________ me use your phone? (permit)
8. The sad movie ________ us all cry. (caused),,,
Exercise 3: Time Clauses (When/While)
Choose the correct verb form for the future meaning.
1. They will eat when they (arrive / will arrive).
2. While I (am / will be) in Santiago, I’ll call you.
3. We will go home after it (gets / will get) dark.
4. Before you (leave / will leave), please close the window.
5. He will wait until she (comes / will come).
6. As soon as I (get / will get) home, I will text you.
7. I’ll read a book while I (wait / will wait).
8. When the movie (ends / will end), we will go for dinner.,
Exercise 4: How + Adjective/Adverb
Matchthe question to the answer.
1. How tall are you? a. It is extremely high.
2. How high is Mt Everest? b. I hardly ever go.
3. How often do you go to the cinema? c. I am 1.60m.
4. How far is the station? d. It’s about 2km away.
5. How old is your brother? e. It’s very deep.
6. How deep is the pool? f. He is 10 years old.
7. How fast can you run? g. It costs $10.
8.How much is this book? h. I can run very fast.
Exercise 5: Had better / Would rather
Fill in the blanks with ‘had better’, ‘had better not’, ‘would rather’, or ‘would rather not’.
1. You ________ tell her the bad news. (Advice)
2. I ________ go for a swim than play tennis. (Preference)
3. You________ finish the cake! (Negative Order)
4. I ________ go for a swim. (Negative Preference)
5. He ________ be on the beach than in the office. (Preference)
6. You ________ ask if you wantto bring a friend. (Advice)
7. I ________ stay here than go away. (Preference)
8. We ________ be late for the meeting. (Negative Advice),,
Exercise 6: Whether vs. If
Circle the correct word. In some cases, both are possible.
1. I don’t know (whether / if) we should invest right now ornot.
2. I am uncertain (whether / if) we should go to the dinner party.
3. Jenny doesn’t know (whether / if) to study for her test or go to a movie.
4. (Whether / If) you like it or not, we are going.
5. He asked (whether / if) I was tired.
6. She hasn’t decided (whether / if) to buy the blue one or the red one.
7. I can’t say (whether / if) it will rain tomorrow.
8. It depends on (whether / if) you are ready.,
